Life Cycle GHG Emissions for Natural Gas and Coal Power in Asia ... 21 Exhibit 6-3. lifecycle emissions of nuclear energy are considerably lower than fossil fuel based generation methods. uncertainty regarding whether shale gas emissions are indeed lower than conventional gas emissions. Life Cycle Emissions Factors for Electricity Generation Technologies. Life Cycle of Coal. These factors include the upstream emissions associated with extraction, transport, and distribution of the energy, and are generally determined on an average basis (e.g., grid . These factors include the upstream emissions associated with extraction, transport, and distribution of the energy, and are generally determined on an average basis (e.g., grid . This life-cycle analysis provides insight into the critical stages in the natural gas industry where emissions occur and where opportunities exist to reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas. States, the natural gas-fired plants are about 50% -60% lower in GHGs (expressed as lb. During the life cycle of coal, for example, it is the combustion stage that is the most polluting. uncertainty regarding whether shale gas emissions are indeed lower than conventional gas emissions. THE LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS OF . Life cycle greenhouse gas emission estimates for selected electricity generation and storage technologies, and some technologies integrated with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The total environmental impact of coal is greater than any other . 4. We show that whether internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) powered by fossil compressed natural gas (CNG) have GHG benefits over . Generalized life cycle stages for energy technologies. However, the range in values for shale and conventional gas overlap, so there is a statistical uncertainty whether shale gas emissions are indeed lower than conventional gas. However, the range in values for shale and conventional gas overlap, so there is a statistical uncertainty whether shale gas emissions are indeed lower than conventional gas. 2 Comparing Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Gas and Coal (LCA) 5 finds that the EPA's new methodology increases the life-cycle emissions estimate of natural gas-fired electricity for the baseline year of 2008 by about 11 percent compared with its 2010 methodology. We report life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from cars, light-duty trucks (LDTs), and heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) that are powered directly or indirectly using NG as a function of methane emission rates. Exhibit 6-1. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the main contributor to climate change. "Establish and compare the life cycle GHG emissions of natural gas and coal from different sources (conventional and unconventional) and geographical contexts in order to produce electricity in Europe and Asia." To do so, the CIRAIG: • Estimated the life cycle GHG emissions from different gas chains in which Total is involved (see Figure 2). Δ. Combustion of natural gas and petroleum products for heating and cooking needs emits carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The findings are presented in units of global warming potential per unit of electrical energy generated by that source. The life cycle GHG emissions from the United States (U.S.) natural gas supply chain are 19.9 g carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e)/MJ (with a 95% mean confidence interval of 13.1 to 28.7 g CO2e/MJ). Coal consumption is a minor component of . Life Cycle GHG Emissions from Conventional Natural Gas Power Generation: Systematic Review and Harmonization (Presentation), NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory) Author: Garvin Heath and Patrick O'Donoughue: NREL Subject: Presented at the American Center for Life Cycle Assessment, InLCA XII, 26 September 2012, Tacoma, Washington Keywords Notes for Figure 2 : The number of estimates is greater than the number of references Because natural gas is a low-carbon fuel, a switch to natural gas in these applications can result in reductions of hydrocarbon, CO, NO x, and GHG emissions. Notes for Figure 2 : The number of estimates is greater than the number of references And if burning natural gas in vehicles is to deliver even marginal benefits, methane losses must be kept below 1 percent and 1.6 percent . Exhibit 6-1. NETL's life cycle natural gas model uses an average transmission distance of 971 kilometers (km) and a natural gas combustion emission factor of approximately 2.7 kg CO 2 /kg natural gas. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Electricity Generated from Conventionally Produced Natural Gas, Journal of Industrial Ecology (2014) IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation: Renewable Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development (2011) And if burning natural gas in vehicles is to deliver even marginal benefits, methane losses must be kept below 1 percent and 1.6 percent . Measurement of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions involves calculating the global-warming potential of energy sources through life-cycle assessment.These are usually sources of only electrical energy but sometimes sources of heat are evaluated. When global warming potential is taken into account4, CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from the natural gas system are approximately equal (~127 TgCO 2 e). from 28% to 58% (36). Others produce emissions at every stage of the life cycle. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is a comprehensive form of analysis that utilizes the principles of Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Cost Analysis, and various other methods to evaluate the environmental, economic, and social attributes of energy systems ranging from the extraction of raw materials from the ground to the use of the energy carrier to perform work (commonly referred to as the "life . The GHG emissions are calculated using emissions factors for all of the process energy (e.g., natural gas, coal) and electricity used for fuel production operations. Life Cycle GHG Emissions for Natural Gas and Coal Power in Asia ... 21 Exhibit 6-3. Coal consumption is a minor component of . There's more to the climate-change footprints of energy sources than simply the tail-pipe - or smoke-stack - plumes. Including the 2009 Barnett Shale fuel cycle emissions compiled in this study, total life cycle GHG emissions from natural gas combined cycle electricity are estimated to be about 440 g CO 2 e/kWh. Other studies have shown that a natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plants have 99% lower SO Our base case results show that shale gas life-cycle emissions are 6% lower than conventional natural gas, 23% lower than gasoline, and 33% lower than coal. 2 Comparing Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Natural Gas and Coal (LCA) 5 finds that the EPA's new methodology increases the life-cycle emissions estimate of natural gas-fired electricity for the baseline year of 2008 by about 11 percent compared with its 2010 methodology. This dataset consists of a table containing the distribution of literature estimates of greenhouse gas emissions for the following electricity generation and storage technologies: biopower, coal, concentrating solar power, geothermal, hydrogen storage, hydropower, lithium-ion . This life-cycle analysis provides insight into the critical stages in the natural gas industry where emissions occur and where opportunities exist to reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas. Measurement of life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions involves calculating the global-warming potential of energy sources through life-cycle assessment.These are usually sources of only electrical energy but sometimes sources of heat are evaluated. Of this total, about 18% of life cycle GHG emissions (or 78 g CO 2 e/kWh) are embodied in the fuel cycle of Barnett Shale gas, as defined in Fig. Therefore, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) analyzes potential GHG emissions when Most of the CO 2 The greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas system losses or natural gas utilization within the natural gas system (excluding combustion by end-users) are shown in Figure 3. Shale-gas 'worse than coal' for total life-cycle emissions. In this reaction, natural gas is reacted with steam at an elevated temperature to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen. CO 2e/MWh) than a coal plant on a life-cycle basis. Figure 4-19: Life Cycle NO X Emissions for Natural Gas Power Using Domestic Natural Gas Mix .54 Figure 4-20: Upstream Water Use and Flowback Water Production ...55 Figure 4-21: Net Upstream Water Consumption ...56 Figure 4-22: Life Cycle Water Withdrawal and Discharge for Seven Natural Gas Sources through . Figure 4-19: Life Cycle NO X Emissions for Natural Gas Power Using Domestic Natural Gas Mix .54 Figure 4-20: Upstream Water Use and Flowback Water Production ...55 Figure 4-21: Net Upstream Water Consumption ...56 Figure 4-22: Life Cycle Water Withdrawal and Discharge for Seven Natural Gas Sources through . Compressed Natural Gas Liquefied Natural Gas Liquefied Petroleum Gas Methanol Dimethyl Ether Fischer-Tropsch Diesel . Estimation of GHG Emissions from Life Cycle Stages of USWC LNG Supply Chain 19 4.1. Combustion of natural gas and petroleum products for heating and cooking needs emits carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Because natural gas is a low-carbon fuel, a switch to natural gas in these applications can result in reductions of hydrocarbon, CO, NO x, and GHG emissions. The total environmental impact of coal is greater than any other . Our base case results show that shale gas life-cycle emissions are 6% lower than conventional natural gas, 23% lower than gasoline, and 33% lower than coal. Pipelines, shipping, goods vehicles and power plants must be constructed, so using up energy . For other fossil fuels, the greatest sum of greenhouse gas emission occurs during the combustion. Averaging the results of the studies places nuclear energy's 30 tonnes CO2e/GWh emission intensity at 7% of the emission intensity of natural gas, and only 3% of the emission intensity of coal fired power plants. Results 21 4.2. Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. liquefied natural gas exports: implications for end uses Environ Sci Technol . OCS Oil and Natural Gas: Potential Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Social Cost of Carbon November 2016 v Abstract . Further, the proportion of GHG emissions from each life cycle stage . UPDATED 2 changes, and induced seismicity, as well as air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG)6 emissions associated with natural gas production and transport activities.7 Recent reports in the scientific literature and popular press have created some confusion . iii Exhibit 5-5: Sources of New York Gas Supply - 2010 to 2020 ... 48 Exhibit 5-6: Average Life-cycle Emissions for Natural Gas Delivered to NYC Customers (kg uncertainty regarding whether shale gas emissions are indeed lower than conventional gas emissions. Email Updates. Information Sources 20 4.1.2. 2. Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the main contributor to climate change. Life Cycle Emissions of Hydrogen . Life Cycle Emissions and Petroleum Use Argonne National Laboratory's GREET model estimates the life cycle petroleum use and GHG emissions of vehicles running on compressed natural gas (CNG . The GHG emissions are calculated using emissions factors for all of the process energy (e.g., natural gas, coal) and electricity used for fuel production operations. One recent study found that methane losses must be kept below 3.2 percent for natural gas power plants to have lower life cycle emissions than new coal plants over short time frames of 20 years or fewer . vii Therefore, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) analyzes potential GHG emissions when Methods 21 4.1.3. Life cycle greenhouse gas emission estimates for selected electricity generation and storage technologies, and some technologies integrated with carbon capture and storage (CCS). This life-cycle analysis provides insight into the critical stages in the natural gas industry where emissions occur and where opportunities exist to reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas. Others produce emissions at every stage of the life cycle. One recent study found that methane losses must be kept below 3.2 percent for natural gas power plants to have lower life cycle emissions than new coal plants over short time frames of 20 years or fewer . This information allows the computation of a transmission energy intensity of 0.0017 g NG fuel/MJ-km and a transmission emission intensity factor of 0.0062 g . increase their life-cycle emissions . Speciated Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Natural Gas Power - U.S. LNG to OCS Oil and Natural Gas: Potential Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Social Cost of Carbon November 2016 v Abstract . The findings are presented in units of global warming potential per unit of electrical energy generated by that source. For other fossil fuels, the greatest sum of greenhouse gas emission occurs during the combustion. A subsequent reaction — the water gas shift reaction — then reacts additional steam with the carbon monoxide to produce additional . (2011) Life cycle GHG emissions from renewable electricity generation . The upper bound life-cycle emission factor for LNG efficiencies ranging from 30% to 37%, while currently is 2400 lb CO2 equiv/MWh, while the upper bound life-cycle operating natural gas power plants have efficiencies ranging emission factor for coal is 2550 lb CO2 equiv/MWh. Life Cycle of Coal. Emissions from natural gas consumption represent 80 percent of the direct fossil fuel CO 2 emissions from the residential and commercial sectors in 2019. 2015 Mar 3;49(5):3237-45. doi: 10.1021/es505617p. Speciated Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Natural Gas Power - U.S. LNG to Life Cycle GHG Emissio ns for Natural Gas and Coal Power in Europe ... 20 Exhibit 6-2. The top contributors to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions are combustion exhaust and other venting from compressor systems. Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors from Gas Production, Gathering/Boosting and Processing 20 4.1.1. Greenhouse Gas Emission Factor from Natural Gas Transmission 23 4.3. GREET includes various biomass feedstocks, conversion technologies, and liquid fuels 9 technologies are generally less than those from fossil fuel-based technologies, based on evidence assembled by this project. UPDATED 2 changes, and induced seismicity, as well as air pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG)6 emissions associated with natural gas production and transport activities.7 Recent reports in the scientific literature and popular press have created some confusion . Fossil fuels must be prised out of the ground, transported and processed. Emissions from natural gas consumption represent 80 percent of the direct fossil fuel CO 2 emissions from the residential and commercial sectors in 2019. Source: Sathaye et al. Natural gas-fired baseload power production has life cycle greenhouse gas emissions 42 to 53 percent lower than those for coal-fired baseload electricity, after accounting for a wide range of variability and compared across different assumptions of climate impact timing. KEYWORDS: life cycle assessment, natural gas, greenhouse gas emissions, environmental policy, oil and gas INTRODUCTION Canada is the world's fourth largest producer of natural gas (NG), producing 444 million cubic meters per day in 2016.1 The NG industry in Canada is expected to grow ∼10% by 2040 as demand increases locally and globally. The NPC estimates the total methane emissions from the US natural gas systems to be 2.2% of the total gross production. Life Cycle GHG Emissio ns for Natural Gas and Coal Power in Europe ... 20 Exhibit 6-2. Life Cycle Emissions and Petroleum Use Argonne National Laboratory's GREET model estimates the life cycle petroleum use and GHG emissions of vehicles running on compressed natural gas (CNG . During the life cycle of coal, for example, it is the combustion stage that is the most polluting. Life Cycle Emissions of Hydrogen.
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