For example: IF ( VarA < 10 ) AND ( VarB NOT > VarC ) THEN IF VarG = 14 THEN DISPLAY "First" ELSE DISPLAY "Second" END-IF ELSE DISPLAY "Third" END-IF The table below contains representations of the variables used in the nested Ifs above. But if the requirement is to pass some data to the subprogram then the above method is not suitable. Example: Of course, within most of these examples other COBOL syntax may also appear. String is used to combine two or more strings/variables in to a single string. COBOL has a distinction between elementary and group MOVE. User-Defined {statement/s}/{continue/next sentence} else {statement/s}{continue/next sentence} end-if. This method is used to see if an element is present in the Stack. A valid z/OS® Debugger COBOL constant. To give Multiple conditions you need to write many IFs. String is used to combine two or more strings/variables in to a single string. Sorting is required for sequential processing as the files need to be sorted in ascending/descending order. This is the reason, STATIC CALLS are faster compared to DYNAMIC CALLS. Next Page. The CONTINUE statement in COBOL is analogous to the empty statement Changes the target of a GO TO paragraph. COBOL Iterative statements - Tutorial to learn Iterative statements in COBOL in simple, easy and step by step way with syntax, examples and notes. COBOL has other noise words. For example, COBOL wants all statements to start with a COBOL verb, so we cannot use the easy to understand: count = count + 1. but must instead use: compute count = count + 1. This statement can appear in source program anywhere a character can appear. STRING AND UNSTRING with examples: TALLYING and COUNT options. STOP RUN. reading-procedure. I'm sure it's a simple fix, but I can't figure out where I'm going wrong. The COBOL MERGE statement combines two or more identically sequenced files on a set of specified keys. Length can be up to 30 characters. The following examples show some uses of the INSPECT statement to examine and replace characters.. Length can be up to 30 characters. COBOL MOVE. The primary criticism is that code that uses goto statements is harder to understand than alternative constructions. I'm new to COBOL and want to write a nested if statement. Example 2: IF EMP-NUM > ZEROES CONTINUE ELSE PERFORM P100-GET-NEXT-EMPL-NUM END-IF P200-UPDATE-EMPL-IN-DB. The data designated by literal-1 or identifier-1 is moved to the data item referenced by each identifier-2 in the order in which it is specified.The rules referring to identifier-2 also apply to the other receiving areas. The statements in the program are running in a series until or unless if any statement executed in the flow alters the execution sequence. Stack.Count Contains. Thesis How To Write A Batch Program In Cobol statements are some of the mandatory aspects of academic writing How To Write A Batch Program In Cobol that you`ll be required to master in college. There are several COBOL verbs with different types of actions. If there is no more record in the OLD-MASTER, th The following example shows valid and invalid Numeric Literals −. Sample COBOL Program. Example: FIELDA W 4 A VALUE '1234' FIELDB W 6 A VALUE '123456' IF FIELDA = FIELDB DISPLAY 'FIELDS MATCH' END-IF In Easytrieve Plus, the IF statement results in a true outcome while in COBOL it is false as 1234 is not equal to 123456. Here the working storage variable WW-SUB-PGM contains the Sub program name. COBOL conditional expressions allow shortforms, where the current identifier (and conditional) is assumed through multiple condition tests, unless explicitly given. An index data item must not appear as an operand of a MOVE statement. The value of the source variable does not get changed. Elementary data is type converted from source to destination. Not quite a no-op, as it can influence control flow when inside compound statement sequences, in particular IF/THEN/ELSE. COBOL 88 Level Number or Condition Names 88 level number in COBOL is one of the most used declarations in mainframes development and it is considered as a special level number which is used to improve the readability of COBOL programs. A scope terminator help in ending a statement and is explicit or implicit. Conditional expressions identify conditions that are tested to enable the object program to select between alternate paths of control depending upon the truth value of the condition. IF ELSE-IF ELSE would END-IF Statements. Example of Ecaluate Statement. You will find lots of easy to understand tutorials, articles, code, example for … There are five basic types of executable COBOL program; the cob command provides a straightforward means of creating a mixture of any of these types of program. A handy? IF Condition-1 THEN IF Condition-2 THEN Statements-block-1 [ELSE Statements-block-2 END-IF] [ELSE IF Condition-3 THEN Statements-block-3 [ELSE Statements-block-4 END-IF] END-IF.] MOVE statement does not mean moving the data from one variable to another variable. 2021-TEST-SECTION SECTION. So, the program which calls another program can share the variables, values, and resources with other programs and both of these programs can use these to perform some specific operations. MOVE statement is used to copy the literal or value of a data item (variable) to other data item (variable) in COBOL. A statement always start with a COBOL verb. The THRU range is translated by Migration Utility to a COBOL equivalent expression, depending on the last interpreted relational/logical operator. EVALUATE statement in COBOL is similar to Case or Switch statements of other languages. What our clients say. COBOL Programming Assignment Help, Example of compound condition, Example of compound condition: In common, a compound condition has the form which is as shown below: Where condition-1 & condition-2 can be any one of the below: a simple condition a negated simple condition the compound Example #5:In this example, I have multiple things to do if the statement is true and multiple things to do if the statement is false. COBOL 88 Level Uses: – Used to check the declared conditions in the program flow. Concluded that cobol add and administrative systems for commands and the powers that are the deptno. accept fee. 7.1 CALL Prototypes It seems we have a doubter as an OP, so here's an example with IBM Enterprise COBOL: 01 A PIC 9. All of the code can be incorporated into the IF statement as shown in this example, or the PERFORM statements can be used as shown in example #6. COBOL Sort Statement Example 2; COBOL Merge Statement Example 1; COBOL Inter-Programming Communication - CALL; COBOL Sub-Program; COBOL Compile Process; COBOL Performance Tuning; COBOL Advance Concepts. 9.2 Using cob. This statement is the replacement of ADD, subtract, Multiply and divide. String handling statements in COBOL are used to do multiple functional operations on strings. Download. Example : CALL WW-SUB-PGM. The executable files types are: No longer part of the COBOL standard, still supported by many compilers for reasons of backward compatibility. example: if male display “he is a male” else display “she is a female” end-if. Depending on certain conditions specified by the programmer, conditional statements are used to change the execution flow. There are 2 Types of PERFORM that is In-Line perform and Out-Line perform. The SELECT statement used must be within a DECLARE CURSOR statement and cannot include an INTO clause. Example : Demonstration of compute statement MOVE statement copies the value of a variable to another variable. to replace the IF Y = 0 and DISPLAY Y statements is one of the choice. In programming, many times, Based on some condition, program needs to run one or more sets of statements. The INITIALIZE statement provides the ability to set selected types of data fields to predetermined values; for example, numeric data to zeroes, alphanumeric data to spaces, or data pointers to NULL. COBOL verbs are used in the procedure division for data processing. For writing arithmetic expressions in COBOL, compute statements are used. Input / Output Verbs. The STRING statement strings together the partial or complete contents of two or more data items or literals into one single data item. IF statement ends with this scope terminator Note : Instead of END-IF, we can use period as scope terminator. In programming, many times, Based on some condition, program needs to run one or more sets of statements. There are some tasks that need to be done over and over again like reading each record of a file till its end. Use of explicit scope terminators is recommended. The examples in this chapter are presented in alphabetic order according to the phrase, clause, or statement which they are primarily demonstrating. COBOL - CONTINUE Statement. So COBOL has provided a Phrase called USING along with the CALL verb. So in this statement compute is a required noise word. The CONTINUE statement allows you to specify a no operation statement. PDF - Download cobol for free. STOP RUN. Example 1: Let's see an example for IF condition statement in the COBOL program. Example 1 – Hello World! In the following example, the INSPECT statement examines and replaces characters in data item DATA-2.The number of times a leading zero (0) occurs in the data item is accumulated in COUNTR.The first instance of the character A that follows the first instance of the character C is … Example: “A scope terminator is a conditional COBOL verb (EVALUATE and IF) or has a conditional (COMPUTE, READ and PERFORM) clause. EVALUATE TRUE WHEN COD-USER = 01 WHEN COD-USER = 02 CONTINUE WHEN OTHER ADD 1 TO CTN-ERROR END-EVALUATE. accept pet. A simple relation condition. Valid: 100 +10.9 -1.9 Invalid: 1,00 10. If condition is true, one set of statements get excuted. This is quite similar to the switch statements in other languages. PROGRAM-ID. If an exception is raised during the execution of imperative-statement-1, each CATCH phrase is examined in the order specified until one is found for which the class of the exception that was thrown is equal to, or derives from, the class of identifier-1. This is a procedure division statement and very useful to get the required data on output device. To solve your problem, using a perform statement. Using nested IF statements. With this, required data can be sent to the sub-module. Early BASIC required assignment statements to start with the reserved word LET COBOL ‘EVALUATE ALSO’ Best Examples. A valid z/OS Debugger COBOL arithmetic expression. Evaluate statement in COBOL is faster than nested IF-ELSE statements. … if a = b display “both are equal” else Below is the general syntax of this statement. Data is moved from literal or identifier to one or more identifiers. The records are made available following the actual merging of the files. The statement cobol add example converts hexadecimal you can specify the same storage size of batch file to load. COBOL - Write Statement Example. In this case, the WRITE statement is executed and then imperative-statement-1 in the END-OF-PAGE phrase is executed.A NOT END-OF-PAGE phrase, if present, is ignored. COPY statement in COBOL is Replaced at compile time, while other statements are executed at runtime. If condition is true, one set of statements get excuted. Enterprise COBOL for z/OS, Version 4.2, Programming Guide. A valid z/OS Debugger COBOL reference. Perform Varying. EVALUATE command (COBOL) The EVALUATE command provides a shorthand notation for a series of nested IF statements. Discussion in cobol statement need to support content journey and process of statement referenced the range of statement. IF WS-NUM1 > WS-NUM2 THEN DISPLAY 'IN LOOP 1 - IF BLOCK' IF WS-NUM3 = WS-NUM4 THEN DISPLAY 'IN LOOP 2 - IF BLOCK' ELSE DISPLAY 'IN LOOP 2 - ELSE BLOCK' END-IF ELSE DISPLAY 'IN LOOP 1 - ELSE BLOCK' END-IF. IF A … Syntax: Operand-1 [IS][NOT] relational-operator Operand-2. I tried putting the nested statements after the ELSE clause of the initial IF statement, but that was unsuccessful as well. COBOL - String Statement. Previous Page. Perform Times. MOVE is the workhorse of COBOL. a COBOL 74 compiler. Examples: 01 name-in. How do you code else if? Conditional Expressions Statements in COBOL program executed one after another. As simple as these iterative constructs are, COBOL also provides such loop constructs. Example of COBOL. The DECLARE CURSOR statement defines and names the cursor, identifying the set of rows to be retrieved with the SELECT statement of the cursor. IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. HELLO-WORLD. The statement inside the IF block will execute if the condition of IF statement is true. Here, are important cons/benefits of using COBOL … The results table is processed very much like a sequential data set. display "Enter Appointment Fee: " with no advancing. Master COBOL Perform statement from our free COBOL Tutorial. COBOL Programming Assignment Help, Example of read statement, Example of read statement: Illustration: READ OLD-MASTER AT END MOVE ZERO TO END-OF-RECORDS. The statement inside IF block will not execute when the condition of IF statement is false. The following two verbs are used for this process − display "Enter Type of Pet: " with no advancing. When an IF statement contains an IF statement as one of its possible branches, the IF statements are said to be nested. In previous versions of Micro Focus COBOL (eg Net Express) if they had a single DISPLAY statement that was required to straddle 2 lines of code in the COBOL source, they were able to use the continuation character (-) in column 7 of the 2 nd line to string both lines to be displayed as one. Conditional expressions may be used in the EVALUATE, IF, PERFORM, and SEARCH statements. Format - 1 PERFORM procedure-name-1 Example 1 - Below picture represents the difference between GO TO and PERFORM statements. The keywords cannot be abbreviated. EVALUATE statement is used for conditional processing in COBOL. User-Defined How To Write Cobol Programs In Mainframe, Visual Argument Essay On Global Warming, Example Thesis Statement Of Argumentative Essay, Direct Mail Campaign Resume. COBOL Arithmetic Operations COBOL IF-ELSE Statement COBOL Divisions COBOL Variables COBOL Data Types COBOL General Levels COBOL DISPLAY COBOL MOVE REDEFINES in COBOL COBOL ACCEPT COBOL EVALUATE statement COBOL PERFORM COBOL Arrays – Internal Table COBOL SEARCH and SEARCH ALL COBOL String Handling COBOL CALL Statement COBOL … You could say it's a syntactic place-holder, something you can use when the syntax of the language requires a statement, but there is no operation to be performed. STRING AND UNSTRING with examples: TALLYING and COUNT options. Even if the syntax might seem very different from the examples shown above. Conditional Expressions Statements in COBOL program executed one after another. Advantages of COBOL. EVALUATE statement in COBOL Programs Posted on March 28, 2020 March 28, 2020 by Admin EVALUATE statement is used for conditional processing which helps in eliminating a series of nested IF statements to test several conditions. My below example shows you how to … EXAMPLE #3: The evaluate can also be used to accomplish the same thing that a simple IF statement … If condition is false another set of statements will get executed. Evaluate is an alternative to IF condition. COBOL SORT files are common functionalities of COBOL applications. 10.9- COBOL Word. IDENTIFICATION DIVISION. COBOL programs begin execution with the first sentence of the first paragraph and continue in sequence until one of the following occurs: the last sentence of the last paragraph is executed, an explicit program termination statement is executed, or a control structure causes execution to continue in another place in the program. Share. example is during early development and building with and without debugging aids. Using the OFF SET in the LIMIT query. Basically, The CONTINUE statement transfers the control to the next COBOL statement which come next in … In the above code, continue does nothing but it passes control to the statement after end-if. The conditional expression and selection statement. Download your order from your personal area on the website. Conditional Expressions use in COBOL. EXAMPLE #3: The evaluate can also be used to accomplish the same thing that a simple IF statement … 88 FEMALE VALUE 'F'. The OFF SET value is also most often used together with the LIMIT keyword. Theoretically, there is no limit to the depth of nested IF statements. What is an If Statement? An if statement is a programming conditional statement that, if proved true, performs a function or displays information. Below is a general example of an if statement, not specific to any particular programming language. As part of the merge operation, it makes records available in their merged order to an output procedure or an output file. The OFF SET value allows us to specify which row to start from retrieving data. CONTINUE indicates that no executable instruction is present. In case of STATIC CALLS, if we have 2 programs MAIN-PROGRAM and SUB-PROGRAM then both the Programs are compiled as a separate PDS member but are link edited together at the same time. Conditional Statements. COBOL MERGE statement with Examples. COBOL Word is a character string that can be a reserved word or a user-defined word. Input/Output verbs are used to get data from the user and display the output of COBOL programs. (The syntax diagram is dimmed to show that this is no longer standard COBOL). statement, have unsaved changes. COBOL Merge Statement Example 1; COBOL Inter-Programming Communication - CALL; COBOL Sub-Program; COBOL Compile Process; COBOL Performance Tuning; COBOL Advance Concepts. In the above example when COD-USER = 01 or when COD-USER = 02 it will continue and for all other condition it will add 1 to the CTN-ERROR. COBOL Word is a character string that can be a reserved word or a user-defined word. The following two verbs are used for this process − If condition is false another set of statements will get executed. To chek Multiple Conditions EVALUATE is a better than IF-ELSE IF X = 0. ACCEPT A IF A EQUAL TO 2 CONTINUE ELSE CONTINUE END-IF EVALUATE A WHEN 2 CONTINUE WHEN OTHER CONTINUE END-EVALUATE The cob command causes the named files to be processed with the aim of producing modules that can be linked or run.. The output is always given in true or false by a conditional statement. To chek Multiple Conditions EVALUATE is a better than IF-ELSE COBOL is a programming language that reads like regular English and is often used for business and administrative purposes. You can use Evaluate ALSO to simplify the code. Let’s suppose that we want to get a limited number of members starting from the middle of the rows, we can use the LIMIT keyword together with the offset value to achieve that. For example : (a > b ) can also be written as (a GREATER THAN b). PERFORM … Of course, within most of these examples other COBOL syntax may also appear. How is a thru statement used in Easytrieve? if not male display “she is a female” else display “he is a male” end-if. COBOL - Conditional Statements. Alternative: 1. A valid z/OS Debugger COBOL reference. Thus you can use the EVALUATE statement to implement a case structure or decision table.. You can also use the EVALUATE statement to cause multiple conditions to lead to the same processing, as shown in these examples: When a COPY statement is used in COBOL program, the source text is copied into the program from copy file/library before the program is compiled. The last line example indicates that an ALTER statement is in play, and another part of the code will specify which actual label is the target of the jump. String is used to combine two or more strings/variables in to a single string. Covers topics like Introduction to Iterative statements, Loop statement, PERFORM THRU, PERFORM … /* * COBOL COMPILER SAMPLE * Example 4 - * * by surender, www.suren.space * PRG4 Write a program to accept the student record (ROLL NO, NAME and 3 subject marks) individually and display the same. The loop statements used in COBOL are: Perform Thru Perform Until Perform Times Perform Varying Perform Thru Perform Thru is used to execute a series of paragraph by giving the first and last paragraph names in the sequence. After executing the last paragraph control is returned back. This property is used to get the number of items in the Stack. Input / Output Verbs. Advertisements. COBOL Language & History. MOVE 15 TO WS-NUM2 WS-NUM4. The camp example land taken from Volmac2 IF condition-1 statement-1-1 IF i-2 IF condition-3 statement-3-1 ELSE statement-3-2. IMU issues an MNOTE message to alert the user of such potential problem. When can be written twice also as shown below. JCL to execute the above COBOL program −. Also accept as a group and display individually. The COBOL SORT statement creates a sort file by executing input procedures or by transferring records from another file, sorts the records in the sort file on a set of specified keys, and in the … Perform Thru. Examples: 01 name-in. The CONTINUE statement causes the flow of control to continue at the next statement. The examples in this chapter are presented in alphabetic order according to the phrase, clause, or statement which they are primarily demonstrating. The above example has around 5 levels of IF statement and it’s bit clumsy and difficult to follow when so much processing is involved in each level. 10.9- COBOL Word. Following are the string handling statements − ... JCL to execute the above COBOL program. Valid: 100 +10.9 -1.9 Invalid: 1,00 10. EVALUATE statement is used for conditional processing in COBOL. "EXIT PROGRAM" should be the last statement of a sequence Bug"STOP RUN" or "GOBACK" should be the last statement of a sequence BugHaving SQL "SELECT" statements without "WHERE" conditions is security-sensitive Security Hotspot"OCCURS DEPENDING ON" should be used with a minimum value Code SmellUnused condition names should be removed Code Smell Use if to specify a block of code to be executed, if a specified condition is true. Learn with examples. COBOL Programming Assignment Help, Example of compound condition, Example of compound condition: In common, a compound condition has the form which is as shown below: Where condition-1 & condition-2 can be any one of the below: a simple condition a negated simple condition the compound Example: 01 WS-GENDER-FLAG PIC X(01). 05 first-name pic x(10) value 'Mahender ' 05 Last name pic x(10) value 'Reddy ' 05 initial pic x(2) value 'G ' IF B > 50 GO TO 2021-EXIT END-IF. A statement always start with a COBOL verb. PERFORM Statement Simple form of PERFORM acts very similar to GO TO statement, except that after execution of paragraph control will return back to the next statement of PERFORM statement. EXCEPTION-OBJECT has class System.Exception (.NET COBOL) or java.lang.Throwable (JVM COBOL). COBOL allows nested IF statements. PROCEDURE DIVISION. COBOL DISPLAY Statement is used to Display the data on Output device. Let's see an example which shows how to insert a record in a new file when the organization is sequential: - condition-1 is any of the conditions discussed in previoius pages - Statements-1 OR Statements-2 contains one or more COBOL statements - END-IF is the scope terminator. You can tell in interview, if we avoid GO TO statements, you can improve performance. You can use the EVALUATE statement instead of a series of nested IF statements to test several conditions and specify a different action for each. DISPLAY 'Hello, world.' Examples: 01 name-in. Identifier is any declared variable of the program. PROCEDURE DIVISION. Example of Ecaluate Statement. The loop statements used in COBOL are −. CONTINUE. Which is a valid COBOL reference in z / OS? Since you do not use END-IF at your example so I assume you are using. COBOL IF-ELSE Statement. Sum Counter A signed numeric data item established by a SUM clause in the Report Section of the Data Division. The IF statement for this example would be: IF ON-HAND = 0 PERFORM B-310-NO-INVENTORY ELSE IF ON-HAND > 0 AND 101 PERFORM B-320-INVENTORY-LOW ELSE IF ON-HAND > 100 AND 501 PERFORM B-330-INVENTORY-NORMAL ELSE PERFORM B-340-INVENTORY-HIGH. The statement will return true if the element exists, else it will return the value false. Example. EVALUATE can do multiple IF conditions task. It seems we have a doubter as an OP, so here's an example with IBM Enterprise COBOL: 01 A PIC 9. We also call a COBOL Call Statement as Inter-Program communication which means that one program can communicate with another program by calling it. There are several COBOL verbs with different types of actions. The IF statement for this example would be: IF ON-HAND = 0 PERFORM B-310-NO-INVENTORY ELSE IF ON-HAND > 0 AND 101 PERFORM B-320-INVENTORY-LOW ELSE IF ON-HAND > 100 AND 501 PERFORM B-330-INVENTORY-NORMAL ELSE PERFORM B-340-INVENTORY-HIGH. (a !< b) can also be written as (a IS NOT LESS THAN b). STRING AND UNSTRING with examples: TALLYING and COUNT options. These examples are not divided according to the division or module in which they appear. Syntax: DISPLAY identifier/Literal. The SQL INSERT statement is used to insert a one or more records into a table. 05 first-name pic x(10) value 'Mahender ' 05 Last name pic x(10) value 'Reddy ' 05 initial pic x(2) value 'G '. As a result of this statement, generally the next record from the OLD-MASTER file will be read. Input/Output verbs are used to get data from the user and display the output of COBOL programs. COBOL - Loop Statements There are some set of statements in a program that needs to be executed repeatedly, such as reading each record of a file up to its end. Easytrieve allows comparison on a range of values via a THRU statement. ACCEPT A IF A EQUAL TO 2 CONTINUE ELSE CONTINUE END-IF EVALUATE A WHEN 2 CONTINUE WHEN OTHER CONTINUE END-EVALUATE [ELSE statements-2 .. ] [END-IF]. If any EVALUATE WHEN conditions satisfies, the list of statements will be executed under the WHEN and control will transfers to the next executable statement after ending of EVALUATE. (a == b) can also be written as (a IS EQUAL TO b). edit: I am using open-cobol, and and compiling with the '-free' option IF CharCount < 26 ADD firstnum, CharCount GIVING stringShift. The following example shows valid and invalid Numeric Literals −. Below is the general syntax of this statement. The examples of pairs of cobol if statement examples, the statement shows which. Example 1: OPEN INPUT FILE1 IF WW-FILE-STATUS = ‘00’ CONTINUE ELSE DISPLAY ‘ FILE OPEN FAILED’ END-IF READ FILE1. Perform Until. 05 first-name pic x(10) value 'Mahender ' 05 Last name pic x(10) value 'Reddy ' 05 initial pic x(2) value 'G '. Group data is moved as a byte array, without regard to field types with a structure. – Simplifies the IF and Perform UNTIL conditions by directly using these names in the program. Example #. The CONTINUE statement may be used anywhere a conditional statement or an imperative statement may be used. Loop Statements in COBOL: Simply put, loops in COBOL are carried out using the PERFORM verb but it has other functions that are worth mentioning here. COBOL - Evaluate Statement. Evaluate verb is a replacement of series of IF-ELSE statement. It can be used to evaluate more than one condition. EVALUATE statement in COBOL is similar to Case or Switch statements of other languages. EVALUATE can do multiple IF conditions task. DISPLAY X. These examples are not divided according to the division or module in which they appear. The much beloved ALTER statement. The CONTINUE statement has no effect on the execution of the program. GO TO Statement in COBOL - Tutorial to learn GO TO Statement in COBOL in simple, easy and step by step way with syntax, examples and notes. COBOL verbs are used in the procedure division for data processing. I'm getting errors on the ELSE-IF and ELSE. PROCEDURE DIVISION. Example. identifier-1 must be of class alphabetic, alphanumeric, numeric, or data pointer. As it gives a name to a condition, it is also called as ‘Condition Names’. GO TO label GO TO label-1 label-2 label-3 DEPENDING ON identifier-1 GO TO label OF section GO. COBOL is not like any other languageData in, compute, data out…. The COBOL language was designed for applications that primarily perform data processing such as transaction processing systems.Built for business and, of course, the Mainframe. ...COBOL can not be considered dead or outdated. ...
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